The Gender at Work Framework draws on Wilbur’s Integral Model (2000).
The Gender at Work Framework can be used by change agents in both organisations and communities to uncover opportunities and barriers to gender equality, to map a strategy for change and to guide evaluative efforts to mark progress. It makes visible dimensions of gender equality and the extent to which there is a shift in gendered power relations.
The Aruna Rao and David Kelleher approach
Aruna Rao and David Kelleher’s approach offers an accessible process for identifying the entrenched social and cultural norms that impede efforts to advance gender equality in diverse contexts.

The top two quadrants are related to the individual.
- On the top right are changes in noticeable individual conditions, e.g., increased resources, voice, freedom from violence, access to health and education.
- On the top left are individual consciousness and capability, e.g., knowledge, skills, political consciousness, and commitment to change toward equality.
The bottom two clusters are related to the systemic.
- The bottom right refers to formal rules, e.g., as laid down in constitutions, laws, and workplace policies.
- The bottom left is the set of informal discriminatory norms and deep structures, including those that maintain inequality in everyday practices.
In this video, Aruna walks through her approach to the Framework.
The Kalyani Menon-Sen and Ray Gordezky approach
Creating lasting solutions to systemic problems such as inequality, exclusion and discrimination is an inherently messy process that requires both empathy and imagination. It also takes a commitment of time and patience to test new approaches and learn from them.
The approach from Kalyani Menon-Sen & Ray Gordezky establishes iterative and cyclical processes where learning drives action, and action drives learning.
This video walks you through Kalyani & Ray’s approach to the Framework, which is seen as a work in progress.
The starting point is to bring together a cross-section of “insiders” to build a holistic picture of their ecosystem from their own lived realities. Their framework brings a non-binary and intersectional feminist lens to making sense of this mosaic of perspectives and narratives. Building out from Wilber’s Integral Model, the framework is focused on surfacing the individual and collective expressions of the workings of power at different locations and levels within the system. The big picture that emerges from this process is not dictated by the framework, but by the identities, values, politics and priorities of those involved in the exercise.
Comments and questions are welcome – please write to Kalyani and Ray.
If you’re interested in exploring how we can apply the Gender at Work in your context, contact us!
The G@W Framework in the world
The Gender at Work Framework has been cited in academic work and used by a wide range of organisations, from large NGOs like Oxfam International, to women’s organisations and funds, such as the Global Fund for Women, and by women and community groups all over the world.
Here are just some examples of where you can find the G@W Framework at work:
Organisations and Governments
- American India Foundation: Ensuring Gender Mainstreaming in the Tibetan Administration (2021)
- DFAT AUSTRALIA: Gender equality, disability and social inclusion analysis – Good Practice Note (2023)
- FRIDA Feminist Fund: Garden of Change
- Gender & Health Hub: Think Piece Series 2022 – Transformative Feminist Leadership: What it is and why it matters (2022)
- The Global Fund for Women: How does the Global Fund for Women measure social change (video) (2015)
- New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE): Assessment as a Tool for Equity and Inclusion
- OXFAM Intermón: A feminist approach to the multidimensional inequality framework
- OXFAM NOVIB: Learning about Gender Equality: Testing the ability of the Most Significant Change methodology to make cultural changes visible and learn about gender equality
Courses & Trainings
- Research Program on Livestock (CGIAR) – Gender Capacity Development Training: Guideline for trainers, ILRI MANUAL (2021)
- Research Program on Livestock (CGIAR) – Gender Capacity Development Training: ILRI Addis (2017) – Module 3: Gender responsive organisations
- UN Women Training Center: Gender at Work Framework
- University of Sussex, UK: Doing Gender in Theory and Practice MA Course
Research
- Andreitchouk, Andrea Evgueni. The Influence of Social Movement Organizations towards more Workplace Equality in Organizations. Diss. Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, 2022.
- Attia, Abby Michelle. 25 years of gender mainstreaming in Jordan: evolution and progress. Diss. 2020.
- Fostering gender-transformative change for equality in food systems: a review of methods and strategies at multiple levels – CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform – Working Paper #015 (2023)
- Gender equality in the government water, sanitation, and hygiene workforce in Indonesia: an analysis through the Gender at Work framework (2021)
- Kumar, Avni, et al. “A mosaic of identities, opportunities, and challenges: How intersectionality shapes the experiences of female water, sanitation, and hygiene entrepreneurs in Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies3 (2023): 385-412.
- Mauger, Alexandra. “Gender and organization: On the underrrepresentation of Acadian and Francophone women of New Brunswick in decision-makings positions and the strive for change.” (2017).
- McDougall, Cynthia, et al. “Fostering gender-transformative change for equality in food systems: a review of methods and strategies at multiple levels.” CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform Working Paper (2023).
- McGee, Rosemary, and Jethro Pettit, eds. Power, empowerment and social change. Routledge, 2019.
- Morgan, Mayra Sanchez, and Richelle L. Winkler. “The third shift? Gender and empowerment in a women’s ecotourism cooperative.” Rural Sociology1 (2020): 137-164.
- Morgan, Mayra Sanchez. “Ecotourism and Women’s Empowerment: A Case Study in Quintana Roo Mexico.” (2019).
- New Possibilities for Women’s Empowerment through Agroecology in Himachal Pradesh, India (2023)
- Nuraini, Jesica, and Diana Teresa Pakasi. “Inequality of Policy on Work-Area Relocation Patterns Reflected in Female Examiners through a Phenomenological Approach.” Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal)2 (2022).
- Plouffe, Veronique, et al. “User fee policies and women’s empowerment: a systematic scoping review.” BMC Health Services Research 20 (2020): 1-14.
- Rao, Aruna, and Joanne Sandler. “Critical reflections on shifting the toxic alchemy of institutional power.” Power, empowerment and social change. Routledge, 2019. 139-151.
- Rao, Aruna, David Kelleher, and Carol Miller. “No shortcuts to shifting deep structures in organisations.” IDS Bulletin4 (2015): 82-91.
- Rao, Aruna, et al. “Gender at work: An experiment in “doing gender”.” Leading and Managing in the Social Sector: Strategies for Advancing Human Dignity and Social Justice (2017): 155-173.
- Rao, Aruna. “Challenging patriarchy to build workplace gender equality.” Revista d’anàlisi de Dret del Treball 2 (2016).
- Soeters, Simone, et al. “Gender equality in the government water, sanitation, and hygiene workforce in Indonesia: an analysis through the Gender at Work framework.” Development Studies Research1 (2021): 280-293.
- Tesfaye, Beamlak, et al. “Enhancing gender capacity in the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock: Report of a Gender Training Workshop for partners in Ethiopia.” (2018).
- Thorpe, J.; Ault, A.; Barenboim, I.; Guimarães, L.; Quak, E-J. and Taela, K (2023) Learning from Entrepreneurship Programming for Women’s Economic Empowerment, MUVA Paper Series, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, DOI: 10.19088/MUVA.2023.001